The president of the French Tennis Federation, Bernard Giudicelli, phoned Sharapova on Tuesday to tell her she would not be participating in the open, which begins on May 28.
"I decided not to give Maria Sharapova a wildcard," Giudicelli said, announcing the decision via a Facebook Live broadcast.
He said that although he felt pressured, given fans' expectations, the need to "protect the game" made him decide not to do any favors because of someone's popularity.
"While there can be a wildcard for return from injury, there can't be a wildcard for return from doping," he said.
At her first games since the hiatus, Sharapova was cheered on by devoted fans but she eventually lost to Kiki Mladenovic in the semifinal of the Stuttgart Open, and didn't achieve a high enough ranking to secure a spot in qualifying round for Roland Garros without a wild card.
The Court of Arbitration for Sport reduced the suspension on appeal, ruling she bore "less than significant fault" in the case and could not "be considered to be an intentional doper."
Sharapova, who has held titles from all four majors, won at Roland Garros in 2012 and 2014.
Asked Monday whether she would be disappointed not to receive a wildcard to the second grand slam of the year, she told reporters, "Nothing is a disappointment after being away from the game for 15 months."
