NASA Says Venus May Have Once Been Habitable

Researchers at NASA’s Goddard Institute for Space Studies have found evidence that Venus could have been as habitable as Earth some three billion years ago.

The atmosphere of Venus has a poor reputation for livability, due, in part, to its toxic thunderclouds, very high surface temperatures, and extreme atmospheric pressure.

According to a new study published in Geophysical Research Letters, however, Earth's closest planetary neighbor could have once sustained life, but turned grumpy as it grew older. In a so-called golden age, between 2.9 and 700 million years ago, Venus is thought to have looked very different, and much more welcoming to human life.

NASA researchers plugged topographic data and hydrogen isotope ratios in the atmosphere of Venus into climate modeling software and the results point to a scenario in which the planet may have had an average surface temperature of some 52 degrees Fahrenheit and liquid water oceans up to 1,700 feet deep, before volcanic activity reshaped the surface.

"Both planets [Earth and Venus] probably enjoyed warm liquid water oceans in contact with rock and with organic molecules undergoing chemical evolution in those oceans," study co-author David Grinspoon, from the Planetary Science Institute in Arizona, told New Scientist.

"As far as we understand at present, those are the requirements for the origin of life."

These livable conditions would be possible only if the planet orbited the sun at a similar rate as in our time, about 225 Earth days per revolution. If Venus was orbiting the Sun significantly faster, it would have had much higher temperatures, and in this case "all bets are off," according to the lead author of the study, Michael Way.

Researchers hope that they can find signs of ancient shorelines on Venus, which would back up their theory.

"We really need more data before we can say much more… but if you have a Venus-like world around a solar-type star with a slow rotation, it could be quite a reasonable place for life to exist, especially in the oceans," says Way. "You get temperatures almost like Earth. That's remarkable."

The theory of a historically habitable Venus opens up new possibilities about the origin of life on Earth.

"It could be that life got started on Venus, and then seeded Earth," Way said. "Or vice-versa."