The Senate was unable to secure the 60 votes needed to advance the measure, with 57 senators voting in favour and 42 voting against a motion that would have limited debate and opened a 30-hour window for them to adopt the resolution.
Eleven senators in the Republican Party, which holds the majority in the Senate, broke ranks with Majority Leader Mitch McConnell and voted in favor of advancing the resolution.
The legislation, penned by Democratic Minority Leader Chuck Schumer, aims to prevent the US Treasury Department from moving ahead with its plan to lift sanctions on the three Russian firms.
READ MORE: US House Majority Leader Introduces Bill to Avert Lifting Deripaska Sanctions
Last month, the Treasury Department announced it intended to exclude from its sanctions list three companies — En+, Rusal and Eurosibenergo — given that he had agreed to reduce Deripaska's ownership of shares in them.
READ MORE: US Lawmakers Ask Treasury to Delay Plans to Lift Sanctions on Rusal, EN+
In April 2018, the United States introduced new sanctions against Russia and added Deripaska and the En+ Group, GAZ Group, Basic Element and Rusal to the Specially Designated Nationals List. The entities' assets in the United States were blocked and US citizens have been prohibited from conducting any business with them.