Gravitational Lensing Helps Scientists Spot Planet Orbiting Two Stars

Astronomers using the Hubble Space Telescope have confirmed the existence of a distant planet orbiting two stars, by incorporating the natural phenomenon of gravitational lensing.

Astronomers have confirmed the existence of a planet orbiting two stars in the system OGLE-2007-BLG-349, located some 8,000 light-years away toward the center of our galaxy, NASA announced Thursday.

The discovery was made with the help of an optical distortion known as gravitational microlensing, that occurs when a distant star aligns with a foreground star, relative to the observer. In an observation, the gravity of the foreground object bends and amplifies the light of a background object. The character of the lensing can reveal "the nature of the foreground star and any associated planets."

"We were helped in the analysis by the almost perfect alignment of the foreground binary stars with the background star, which greatly magnified the light and allowed us to see the signal of the two stars," David Bennett of the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, said in a statement.

The planet was originally identified in 2007, together with a star, but a third object was not identified at that time. "The ground-based observations suggested two possible scenarios for the three-body system: a Saturn-mass planet orbiting a close binary star pair or a Saturn-mass and an Earth-mass planet orbiting a single star," Bennett said.

Using sharp images from Hubble allowed astronomers to analyze the brightness of the objects and specify their nature. "So, the model with two stars and one planet is the only [explanation] consistent with the Hubble data," Bennett stated.