Donald Trump on Tuesday granted clemency to a slew of convicted criminals, in line with a tradition for outgoing 'lame duck' Presidents during their final months in office.
Accordingly, before handing over the reins to his successor, Democratic President-elect Joe Biden, Trump had been anticipated to announce a number of high-profile pardons.
Here is a look at the people currently singled out for last-minute clemency at the recommendation of Trump allies in Congress and, in some cases, the conservative media.
‘Russia Probe’ Pardons
Ex-campaign aide George Papadopoulos
George Papadopoulos was the first Trump campaign worker to be convicted during the Russiagate investigation conducted by US Special Counsel Robert Mueller. A former volunteer foreign policy advisor to Donald Trump’s campaign, he first came to the attention of the Federal Bureau of Investigation regarding his contacts in 2016 related to US-Russian relations.
On 5 October 2017, Papadopoulos pleaded guilty to making false statements to the FBI regarding his interactions with a mysterious Maltese professor Joseph Mifsud in what was the first guilty plea of those charged in the Russia probe following the US 2016 presidential election.
Then-presidential candidate Trump terminated Papadopoulos as his foreign policy adviser for his campaign following the conviction, claiming instead that he was only a “coffee boy”.
Papadopoulos served two weeks in prison, one year of supervised release, 200 hours of community service and was ordered to pay a $9,500 fine.
The former campaign aide has since published a book "Deep State Target: How I Got Caught in the Crosshairs of the Plot to Bring Down President Trump."
Thank you, Mr. President! https://t.co/CLXX9ppazM
— George Papadopoulos (@GeorgePapa19) July 29, 2019
In 2019 Papadopoulos ran for Congress in California's 25th District following Democratic Rep. Katie Hill's resignation, yet was defeated in the March primary.
Alex van der Zwaan
Belgian-born Dutch attorney Alex van der Zwaan on 20 February 2018 pleaded guilty to one count of making a false statement to Robert Mueller investigators while answering questions about alleged Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections, and into the Ukrainian and Russian connections of Trump campaign adviser Paul Manafort. The Ukrainian Ministry of Justice was his firm's client and central to the indictment.
Van der Zwaan, who is also the son-in-law of the Ukrainian-Russian billionaire German Khan, co-founder and co-owner of investment company Alfa Group,was sentenced to 30 days in jail and fined $20,000 before being deported to the Netherlands in June 2018.
Republican Allies
Also pardoned Tuesday were two Republicans who once served in Congress, Duncan Hunter and Chris Collins.
Former California lawmaker Duncan Hunter, who resigned from Congress in January, after winning reelection in California's 50th Congressional District, was first indicted in August 2018.
In December 2019 he pleaded guilty to one count of conspiracy to misuse more than $200,000 in campaign funds for personal expenses that included a $14,000 Italian vacation and thousands of dollars on routine items like groceries, bedding and other household items. He was sentenced earlier this year to 11 months in prison and three years of supervised release.
Hunter was recommended for a pardon by "many members of Congress", according to the White House release.
Chris Collins, a former New York congressman, had been serving a 26-month prison sentence in a minimum-security federal prison in Florida since October after he pleaded guilty to one count of conspiracy to commit securities fraud and one count of making a false statement.
Former Rep. Chris Collins sentenced to 26-month prison term for conspiring to commit securities fraud and making false statements to the FBI was pardoned by Trump. pic.twitter.com/utc1B9g7E8
— Devin Nunes Mom (@NotDevinsMom) December 23, 2020
During the White House's annual congressional picnic in June 2017, Collins had shared non-public information with his son Cameron pertaining to failed trial results for a multiple sclerosis drug the Australian biotech company Innate Immunotherapeutics Limited, of which he was a board member, was developing.
Subsequently, he lied to FBI agents to cover up the transgression. The stock trades allowed Cameron Collins, a co-defendant in the case, to dodge over $750,000 in losses, according to federal prosecutors.
Collins resigned from Congress, where he represented New York's 27th Congressional District for nearly seven years, on 30 September 2019, a day before his guilty plea.
Military Contractors
Four Blackwater guards involved in a deadly shooting of Iraqi civilians were also included in the Trump clemency list.
Nicholas Slatten, Paul Slough, Evan Liberty, and Dustin Heard were convicted by a federal jury in 2014 after prosecutors accused them of illegally unleashing "powerful sniper fire, machine guns and grenade launchers on innocent men, women and children."
The Nisour Square Massacre occurred on 16 September 2007, when employees of the private Blackwater Security Consulting firm, contracted by the US government to provide security services in Iraq, shot at Iraqi civilians, killing 17 and injuring 20 in Nisour Square, Baghdad, while escorting an American embassy convoy.
According to the Blackwater, their convoy came under attack, with defence attorneys claiming the witness accounts had been fabricated.
Pardons were supported by a number of members of Congress, according to the White House.
Border Patrol Agents
In a case that had become a political flashpoint at the time, two Border Patrol agents, Ignacio Ramos and Jose Compean, now pardoned by Trump, received 11- and 12-year prison sentences for their role in a shooting on 17 February 2005, on the US-Mexico border southeast of El Paso, Texas.
Ramos and Compean had insisted at the trial that illegal immigrant, Osvaldo Aldrete-Davila, had brandished a gun while actively resisting arrest. Aldrete-Davila was shot while fleeing toward the Rio Grande.
The two agents were convicted of assault with a dangerous weapon, lying about the incident and violating Aldrete-Davila's Fourth Amendment right against illegal search and seizure. Their sentences were later reduced through presidential commutation by George W. Bush.
The Tuesday also included commuting the remaining prison term of former Rep. Steve Stockman, a Texas Republican convicted in Texas of almost two dozen felonies, including fraud and money laundering.
Other pardons were for Alfonso Costa, a dentist who pleaded guilty to health care fraud; Alfred Lee Crum, who pleaded guilty in 1952 to illegally distilling moonshine; Weldon Angelos, who was sentenced to 55 years in prison for selling marijuana and carrying a handgun; Philip Lyman, a county commissioner in Utah who was sentenced to 10 days in jail related to his protest of ATV restrictions on federal land; and Otis Gordon, who was convicted of possession with intent to distribute.
