The tradition of April Fool's Day is believed to date back to the 17th century when Pope Gregory XIII decided to change the calendar which had been used since the days of Julius Caesar.
After the adoption of the Roman calendar some people continued to celebrate what they believed was New Year's Day on 1 April, becoming the first "April fools."
In France it is known as Poisson d'Avril and is associated with a prank whereby people stick a paper fish on their friends' backs.
The only way Chris Grayling can be understood is as a 57-year long performance art critique of April Fools Day. And it has been a triumph. https://t.co/cMAh5Ryg7g
— Brian Cox (@ProfBrianCox) 1 April 2019
But pranking really got going in the mid 19th century and some practical jokes lent to unfortunate consequences.
1896
One of the earliest fatalities as a result of April Fool's Day came in Tennessee in 1896.
John Ahrens, a farmer, disguised himself as a tramp with a ghostly white mask over his face and knocked on the door of his own farmhouse.
When his wife opened the door he asked her to make him dinner but she did not recognise his voice and was so shocked that she dropped dead on the spot.
Ahrens had been married only a few months and adored his wife and her death sent him spiraling into a grief-stricken depression from which he never really recovered.
1980
Channel 7 News in Boston thought it would be a good gag to pretend Great Blue Hill, a 635-feet tall gradient in Milton, Massachusetts, was actually a volcano and had suddenly erupted.
The TV station ran footage of lava pouring down a hillside and said lava and ash were raining down on nearby homes.
The prank was edited together with an audio tape in which President Jimmy Carter and the governor of Massachusetts, Edward J King, both described it as a "serious situation."
The broadcast also played on widespread fear in the United States because of the recent eruption at Mount St Helens in Washington state.
1 in 4 women miscarry.
— Kelcie Mae 💎 (@maekelcie_) 1 April 2019
1 in 8 couples experience infertility.
1 in 160 pregnancies end in stillbirth.
Think before you prank on April Fools Day, because pregnancy is not a joke. Don't degrade something so precious and valuable.
The reporter held up a sign at the end of the broadcast which read "April Fool" but by then panic had already been triggered.
One man carried his seriously ill wife outside in order to escape the lava he believed was about to hit his home.
Police received terrified phone calls for hours into the night and Channel 7 eventually apologised and fired the executive producer who dreamed up the idea.
1957
In the 1950s few people in Britain had ever tried Italian food and there was widespread ignorance about such culinary delights as lasagne, pizza and pasta.
So when the BBC's flagship current affairs programme Panorama ran a programme about a pest which was affecting the harvesting of spaghetti trees in Switzerland it was widely believed, especially as the authoritative voice of respected broadcaster Richard Dimbleby was used.
Hundreds of people even contacted the BBC to ask how to cultivate spaghetti trees.
It was later described as "the biggest hoax any reputable news establishment ever pulled" and some BBC journalists believed it damaged the corporation's reputation for integrity for years afterwards.
The #1 rule for April Fools Day pic.twitter.com/k47pJZGSZ7
— Vailskibum94 (@Vailskibum94) 1 April 2019
The BBC suffered another blemish to its reputation in 2004 when two pranksters, Andy Bichlbaum and Igor Vamos, set up a hoax website and claimed the giant US chemical firm Dow was finally apologizing for its role in the 1984 Bhopal disaster.
The BBC ran with the story and Dow's share price fell 4.24 percent in 23 minutes on the Frankfurt stock exchange, wiping $2 billion off its market value.
2002
A pair of disc jockeys in Kansas City used science to baffle listeners in April 2002.
They announced the water in nearby Olathe contained high levels of dihydrogen monoxide.
Hundreds of scared residents called the water department or rang 911.
Dihydrogen monoxide is simply another name for water — as is hydrolixic acid, another name used for similar pranks.
1986
In 1982 Israel invaded and occupied south Lebanon in response to repeated rocket attacks by the PLO and their Shi'ite Muslim allies, Hezbollah.
The Israelis got as far as Beirut before stopping.
The Lebanese capital was a melting pot of different religious groups and militias, one of which was Amal (Hope), a moderate Shi'ite Muslim political party led by Nabih Berri.
Berri was a key part in resistance to the Israelis, along with the Druze leader Walid Jumblatt, but on 1 April 1986 Israel Radio reported he had been assassinated.
Rival militias came under suspicion and the report very nearly triggered clashes in Beirut until the Israeli Defence Minister, Yitzhak Rabin, said it was untrue and the Israeli intelligence officer responsible would be court martialled.
He was never named and to this day it is not clear if it was an April Fool's day prank or simply a rogue officer trying to spark trouble among Israel's enemies.
Berri, now aged 81, is still alive and is nowadays the Speaker of the Lebanese Parliament.
2016
In April 2016 it was reported that Lisa Estevez, 31, shot dead her boyfriend Ray Jordan, 25, in New York after he got on his knees and proposed to her on 1 April.
When she opened the engagement ring box it was empty and had a piece of paper inside which read "April Fools".
April Fools Day is NOT a day to:
— Let’s Stop Here (@lets_stop_here) 1 April 2019
• joke about suicide
• joke about self harm
• joke about mental illness
• joke about sexual assault
• joke about being disabled
• pretend to be lgbtq+
• pretend to ask someone out
• out someone as a joke
Miss Estevez was so enraged, she picked up his gun, which was naturally lying on the couch and shot him once through the heart.
She was reportedly charged with first degree murder.
Only she wasn't.
The story had been repeated by a number of news websites but originated on notallowedto.com — a fake news website which relies on the gullibility of lazy journalists.
