APRIL 30: THIS DAY IN HISTORY

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IN THE WORLD:

* Queen's Day is marked in the Netherlands on the birthday of Queen Juliana, the mother of Queen Beatrix, and on the day of the ascension to the throne of Queen Beatrix.

* The Georgian Army Day. The conscription to the national guards was announced in April 1991. It was the beginning of the formation of the Georgian national armed forces.

* German mathematician, astronomer and physicist Karl Friedrich GAUSS (1777-1855) was born 227 years ago. Carl Friedrich Gauss and Wilhelm Veber designed the first German electromagnetic telegraph.

* The inauguration ceremony of the first US President George WASHINGTON (1789-1797) took place in Manhattan, New York, 215 years ago, in 1789.

* French painter Edouard MANET (1832-1883), a co-founder of impressionism ("Luncheon on the Grass", "Olympia", etc.), died 121 years ago.

* Soviet soldiers Mikhail YEGOROV and Meliton KANTARIA raised the Victory Banner over the Reichstag building 59 years ago, in 1945.

Adolf Hitler and Eva Braun committed suicide 59 years ago, in 1945.

* The Organization of American States, a regional association of the countries of the western hemisphere, was formed 56 years ago, in 1948.

* Italian film director Sergio Leone (1929-1989) died 15 years ago. He shot the films "The Last Days of Pompeii", "The Colossus of Rhodes", "For a Fistful of Dollars", "The Good, the Bad and the Ugly", "Once upon a Time in America", etc.

IN RUSSIA:

* The Firemen's Day (established by the Russian President on April 30, 1999).

* 355 years ago, in 1649 Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich issued a decree, which laid down the foundations of professional fire service in Moscow.

* 440 years ago, in 1564 Prince Andrei KURBSKY (1528-1583) fled to Lithuania, in fear of Ivan the Terrible's disgrace. He was the first-ever dissident. Kurbsky is the author of well-known messages to Ivan the Terrible and a political pamphlet "Stories of the Grand Duke of Moscow".

* 99 years ago, in 1905 Emperor Nicholas II signed a manifesto on the freedom of worship and religious tolerance.

* 95 years ago, in 1909 the Scout movement appeared in Russia. The first scout organizations were formed in St. Petersburg. In the 1920s scouting was prohibited. The movement was revived in the 1990s. Today over 200 cities all over Russia have scouting organizations, united into the National Scouting Association.

* The Lenfilm film studios were formed 86 years ago, in 1918.

* The first issue of the underground edition "The Chronicle of Current Events", which made public the violation of human rights in the Soviet Union, was published 36 years ago, in 1968.

* The new Big Moscow Circus on the Lenin (Vorobyov) Hills was open 33 years ago, in 1971.

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