There are an estimated 170 million pieces of so-called "space junk" — left behind after missions that can be as big as spent rocket stages or as small as paint flakes — in orbit alongside some $700 billion worth of space infrastructure.
But only 22,000 are tracked, and as the fragments can travel above 27,000 kilometers per hour, even tiny pieces could damage or destroy satellites.
"The space junk problem has been getting worse every year," Ben Greene, head of Australia's Space Environment Research Centre which is hosting the two-day conference of international space environment scientists in Canberra, told AFP.
"We're losing three or four satellites a year now to space debris collision. We're very close, NASA estimates, of within five to 10 years of losing everything."
Greene added that "a catastrophic avalanche of collisions which could quickly destroy all orbiting satellites is now possible." With society heavily dependent on satellites for communication and navigation, and powering key industries such as transport, finance and energy, the growing cosmic junkyard could threaten economies.
"The Australian economy is entirely dependent on space," Greene said. "We're a big country with few people and the only way we can service it, whether it's with surveillance, safety or search-and-rescue, is from space."
The barriers to entry for building spacecraft were also falling, making it easier for firms to launch their own objects, said space debris expert Moriba Jah from the University of Texas.
"I believe that we are certainly on a path to what I call a tragedy of the commons," he told the Australian Broadcasting Corporation, adding that a major collision was "inevitable" without action to tackle the problem. "You've driven on the roads here when you have a lot of mist or fog, and you have to go really slow, and you just don't know what's really around you. That's the perfect analogy to space right now," Jah said.
Greene said scientists were developing technologies set to be operational in 18 months to track all debris so spacecraft could move around them.
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