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Day of Submariner: An Inside Look At Russia’s Naval Fleet

© AP Photo / Dmitry LovetskyOne of Russia's largest Soviet-built nuclear submarines, Typhoon (Akula) class, which remains the world's largest with the displacement of about 25,000 metric tons (27,500 tons) heaves ahead in the Barents Sea at Russia's Arctic Coast in this September 2001 photo
One of Russia's largest Soviet-built nuclear submarines, Typhoon (Akula) class, which remains the world's largest with the displacement of about 25,000 metric tons (27,500 tons) heaves ahead in the Barents Sea at Russia's Arctic Coast in this September 2001 photo - Sputnik International
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Russia marks the Day of the Submariner on March 19. The date was not chosen by chance - it was on this day in 1906 that the submarines in the Russian Navy were ordered by the Secretary of the Navy to be allocated as a separate class of warships.

On the Day of the Submariner, it is interesting to follow up on the results of a large-scale renewal of the Russian submarine fleet, which is being conducted within the framework of the state program of armaments till 2020.

Udaloy class destroyer of the Russian Federation Navy RFS Vitse Admiral Kulakov - Sputnik International
Growing Power: Russian Navy Received 56 Ships, Four Submarines in 2015
Today, the foundation of modern submarine forces of the Russian Navy consists of strategic nuclear and multi-purpose submarines armed with ballistic missiles and sea-launched cruise missiles.

In the next few years, the core of the nuclear submarine force is planned to be totally renewed. The state program of armaments provide with construction and introduction of eight navy ballistic missile submarines called the Project 955 Borey.

At present three such Borey class submarines have joined Russia’s naval fleet. These submarines have a displacement of 24,000 tons and can carry 16 intercontinental ballistic missiles, sea-based R-30 ‘Bulava-30’ to a range of over 9,000 kilometers.

As the technology keeps pushing the boundaries of military innovation, the ‘Yasin’ nuclear submarine project, which is currently under construction and is due to come into service of the Navy, may get replaced by the fifth generation ‘Husky’ multipurpose nuclear submarine.

Russia is also actively developing other hypersonic systems, such as BrahMos, a short-range ramjet missile based on the P-800 Onyx. Traveling at speeds of Mach 2.8 to 3, it’s widely believed to be the world's fastest anti-ship cruise missile in operation.

On the eve of the Day of Submariner and the 110th anniversary of the Russian Navy submarine forces, the United Shipbuilding Corporation said that “at the moment we are working on the formation of a new image of the league where the navy is developing tactical and technical requirements for performance of the conceptual design of the ship.”

A nuclear-powered strategic missile submarine at sea. - Sputnik International
Russia
Russia Begins Underwater Robot Construction for Fifth-Generation Submarines
Russia’s non-nuclear submarine fleet will soon undergo modification.  At the last International Maritime Defense Show in St. Petersburg, Admiral Chirkov said that the construction of submarines with an anaerobic power plant will begin in 2018.

During the same event the chairman of the United Shipbuilding Corporation Department, Anatoly Shlemkov, said that the Central Construction Bureau of Maritime Technology (TsKB) ‘Rubin’ that was commissioned by the Defense Ministry has developed a draft non-nuclear submarine called ‘Kalina’.

Project Kalina is a proposed fifth-generation diesel-electric submarine currently being developed by TsKB Rubin and others, for the Russian Navy. It will be fitted with air-independent propulsion technology, and copies may also be sold to India and China.

Air-independent power plants offer significant advantages over diesel-electric submarines, which need to surface regularly to recharge batteries, and nuclear submarines, which must constantly run noisy pumps to cool their reactors. The submarines, currently in use by several navies around the world, can stay submerged for weeks at a time.

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